Building An Arc Flash Electrical Safety Program At Xcel Energy

Hello, everyone. Welcome to our presentation today, building an Art Flash Electrical Safety Program at Xcel Energy. And before I introduce our guest speakers, my name is Jim Chastain. I'm your host for today's session. I had a couple housekeeping, notes to pass along. First of all, today's presentation will be recorded and video will be posted to the EasyPower website along with a PDF copy of the slide presentations that you can download. For all those attended day, there will be a certificate of attendance sent to the email that you registered with. So you'll be look forward to that. Both of those will be available probably early next week. And then those that wanna ask questions, if you would please use the question box in the, webinar control block and we'll be able to have our presenters answer as time permits. And as we're in the habit of doing, we'd like to start with a couple poll questions. And, we would appreciate your attendance and and, response. So the first question is, what is your role in electrical safety? No obligation, no liability, strictly just trying to get some perspective on the audience mix for our, presenters to to be able to address. We do appreciate your attendance today, and I think Everyone is looking forward to the topic. It's very highly anticipated as far as the interest level. So we're almost to a quorum. Let's give this another ten seconds. Alright. Here's how folks have responded. So predominantly, the technical side of the audience, I think that's an appreciative something that we appreciate both in terms of the reception of the material and the depth that, we can get into. Next question is, does your company have an effective arc flash? Electrical safety program. Again, trying to keep tabs on you. Just trying to understand where you're coming at the topic from. Alright. Let's give this another ten seconds. Alright. Here's how folks weighed in on this. Much better distribution here. So, again, looks like it's a target audience that's most appreciative of the material. Excellent. And then finally, how would you rate your company's risk assessment procedure? These are my own definitions, but hopefully it'll cover the the gamut. Alright. Let's give us another ten seconds. We're close to a quorum. Thank you very much for participating. So folks have weighed in on this one. A wide distribution. Excellent. Edward Eduardo Ramirez Batoni is a consulting engineer for XL Energy. He writes equipment and electrical safety standards for the company and in this industry. Eduardo's an active member and chair person of many working groups in I triple e, a s t m, I e c, n f p a, and Seg gray. Morgan McNeil is a director at Perficient and their management consulting practice. She has ex extensive experience in engineering, supply chain, and program management. She has her BS in Manufacturing Engineering, a VA in organizational psych psychology, and MBA and Operations research all from Penn State University. With that, Let me hand the baton over to Morgan. You can share your screen. Jim. Alright. Excellent. Alright, everyone. Good morning. Good afternoon. Wherever you may be in the world. Today, Eduardo and I are gonna take you through how we built the ARC slash electrical safety program at Excel. Given that we do have a lot of engineers and designers on the call, we do have quite a bit of information on the arc flash calculations that we did. But the first thing that we wanted to go over was just the agenda just to give everyone a high level of what we plan to cover today. So the first thing being components of the ARCFASH program, management sponsorship, the gap analysis, how we did that, how we looked at the current state, the gaps, and then the future state Also, how we analyze the system, including the incident energy calculations, and then some lessons learned. As we went through the process. So, Eduardo, I'm gonna turn it over to you to discuss the components of an arc flash program. Thank you, Morgan. Can you hear me well? Yes, sir. Thank you. Welcome, everyone. Today, we're gonna cover the components for the a plus program. One thing that is important to have in mind is, there are some of us who who are technical in nature. In that case, I'm an electrical engineer, but I I have the benefit to work with Morgan and, run the entire program for Xfinity. And we realized that the part that we all love that, you know, the numbers, equations, and all of that, it's only about a twenty percent. Of the whole deal. So in that case, what we're covering here for an entire program, we have the management sponsorship. Everyone has to be sponsor, you need to present a business case. Somebody has to pay for the work that has to be done. And that's a very important, initial stage. Then in change management, anything that you are planning to change As part of revamping a program, creating a new program or reviewing an existing program, will have an impact on employees, and it's very good to have a proactive, let's say, focus instead of a reactive focus. So for that, in those initial stages, it's good to anticipate and have a plan on how you're gonna address the reaction from the employees and from the different departments that are gonna be involved in the in the program. Then as part of the gap analysis, that's a very important, part of the process, is in which a group of individuals that has been assigned already for the project. They should sit down, it's usually multidisciplinary. And across the company. And those individuals, must do a review of where are the gaps. And in that case, that's a very important stage. Especially Oregon, are you still on the line? Yeah. I'm still here. So, I'll pick up where he left off, and, if he joins, he can, retake over. But He he left off on the gap analysis, which as I said initially was just our examination of the current state of Excel, you know, what programs were in place, what programs we needed to implement. A lot of that depended on the system analysis and the calculations and what incident energies came out, of those as a result. So were we dealing with four cal exposures, eight cal, forty, a hundred that really determined the next stage, which was how we documented the work methods. So we had to set thresholds for what infinite energies we were going to allow work for. And I think one thing, that we may not have mentioned in the initial state is this was the r slash program set up for the transmission business units. So primarily focusing on substations and transmission lines. A lot of what we did initially in this program, we then shared with the other business units distribution, energy supply, even some of our facilities folks that are kinda covered more under that NFPA seventy e arena, but just having the documented program in place they were able to steal some of the things that we had set, including some of the trainings to, get their programs in place. So the first part of what we started with and what we had in regards to the very first kind of pillar is our management sponsorship. And that's actually how I came to be within this group. So as Jim said, initially, I'm a director with proficient in their management consulting. So we do a lot of project management, program management, And so Eduardo had reached out to, some of his managers and said, hey, I need some help running this program. And so, he was able to secure me as a resource. And then as we quantify the efforts that were going to be needed. We actually brought in some other project managers from Perficient to help with the efforts. But all of that came about because we presented the business case to management. These efforts take a lot of time. And with that, comes money needed. And so we had to determine how much it was gonna cost, for utilities, if it was gonna be capitalized because if it could, that's a little bit easier of a sell than if it's gonna hit their O and M. We had to decide when the changes were going to be implemented and who it was going to affect. And so what I don't have on this slide specifically is that all those components come with a change management aspect as Eduardo mentioned in our initial slides. I think change management a lot of times. This, you know, it's like the Fufu extra. We don't really need it or it's an afterthought, and I will tell you that, we had to have a change management component in every aspect of the procedure, in talking with the field guys, how are we communicating the changes, and also involving the effective employees and the decisions. Once we develop the training? Did it make sense? Did there was there an avenue for them to ask questions to have follow ups? Because I think you can put We put two thousand people through training within a matter of four months. And, it was kind of sit down training. Here's the PowerPoint And then when they actually got out into the field and said, okay. What am I supposed to do now? Which is providing those avenues, for the change to be adopted was crucial to this part, and all of that came from the core of the management sponsorship that we got. Morgan, I am back. The the system somehow kicked me out. My camera got in, and that that took my my microphone out. How how hard Did the slide go well? The slide three? Yep. So, yeah, you're right on time. We're starting with the gap analysis current state, so I will turn it over to you. Thank you. So for the capital analysis, it's a very important part to see the current state versus the future state and then see how a transition can be made. As part of the current state, there's gonna be a group of professionals in different, different roles, let's say engineering, safety, asset management, regulatory, system protection, legal, etcetera, that should sit down and evaluate any change in the regulatory, framework in the industry. So for that, especially in in this cases, for electric utilities, our condition can be used for gas utility. Actually, excel is also a gas utility, and we applied similar methodology there. So these are some examples of some of the regulations. We have, there's a, a whole list of OSHA regulations here in the United States that electric utility to to fit into. One thing that is very important is that utilities, we are massive asset owners So we actually dip into different realms. And in the case of Exelerinique, we are we have an FCC permit. So we have also, telecom capabilities, but then we we fall under some of the, nineteen fans for telecom. We also have the general industry, which that will like, shop warehouses, then office buildings and and the like. So that should default to the regular horses for that. That are listed in the first line. They want, the two fifty four two sixty nine, three thirty two to three thirty five under nineteen ten. And also under nineteen twenty six three fifty one, four sixteen four fifty four and so on. Now as an electric utility, we do have also, some impact on the Russia. So there is, especially under the nineteen ten, that's the two sixty nine fours. Vast majority of it. And this is silly a little bit, but OSHA has regulations for regular operations and there's construction operations. So regular operations is nineteen ten. Construction operations is nineteen twenty six. So anything that you see there under nine fifty, nine sixty four, and nine sixty six, The list goes on. This is just a a sample. That will be if the employees are doing construction activities where we'll follow on to that requires literally reading thousands of pages. So that's, something to account for in terms of time frame too. Then there is a well known Metropolitan tool or national electrical safety code, in ERC, which has a lot of regulatory, and there's an entire r plus a note that is section four ten. And on some some initials, then we have some, industry codes there is, NFDA seventy, which has been used as the electric, code. For the state. So at the state level, for general industry installations within the utility, we need to abide by that, and there's some r class provisions in there. And then there are some codes that are used by OSHA for proving that we meet some regulations like the nineteen ten, three thirty two, three thirty five, and the nineteen twenty six, nine fifty two nine sixty four. And that's an FPA seventy e. Utilities are exempt from that for the part of the utility, meaning transmission distribution generation. We can use it as needed. We can improve it. Meaning seventy eight not necessarily means you meet AT and T or you beat, the wholesale listed above. But it's always a a good, place to start with. So in power plants, they fall on their non compliance with Ultra because they abide hundred percent by seventy is realized that they missed aspects on their, OSHA. So something to think about And then, of course, if it's, shops, warehouses, etcetera, it's a full full seventy eight fold either. And then, of course, we have state laws. This is an example of some of the roles that apply in Minnesota. I am based in Minnesota, but I am responsible for several states on this, the jurisdiction of accelerating. So each state has a a a lot of laws that they affect, they affect on on art class. And then for company practice, and the gap analysis is always important to review, the existing company practices, and the evaluation of policies and procedures in line to all the regulatory review. Thank you. Thanks, Edgewater. So after we did the gap analysis and identified the current state, the next step was really to close that gap. And as I mentioned, resources was a primary primary component of that, both internal and external. So for the internal folks to Excel, a lot of them have what I'll call their regular day jobs and then we're voluntold to assist with the arc flash initiative. So a lot of that was trying to nail down their time, see where they could help. And then once we figured out what we could use internal resources, The gap that was identified from that, we filled with external. So we used some external consultants for project management, as I said, but also for assistance with the calculations. We use some retired engineers that had worked with their utility programs just to get any information we could from them and how we could apply it within Excel Energy. We also collaborated a lot with our legal and safety departments to make sure that what we were documenting, wasn't violating any, policies or procedures that they had. We identified a lot of policies and procedures from the safety department that need to be updated. In regards to our class hazards in regard to personal protective equipment. So there was a lot of collaboration between those two groups, primarily, and then also the other business units. The other resources that we used is we did do some industry trainings We did a tools class for our system protection folks. As I said, you partnered with some pure utilities to kind of get their playbooks on the process to see, what we could borrow. And that was really helpful just because you know, there are utilities out there that have set up these programs, excel now included, where there's a lot of useful information that applies. And then the other part of us closing the gap was conducting field interviews, to understand kind of how they currently were conducting their work and then how our proposed documentation of the new work procedure would affect their work. A lot of that had to do with the publication of the incident energies, how they were going to find that information, that was applicable to their work. As I mentioned in the beginning, if the incident energy was higher than what we wanted them to work out what the process was for that. So these were just a couple of the areas where we knew we had to close the gap. And so really looking at the information that we gathered from the current state and then how we were going to proceed in closing that gap. Alright, Edward. Thank you, Morgan. For future state. Thank you. So this is all very important. As you guys see, we we haven't even gotten into the calculations yet, I'll I'll promise you we'll we'll get there in the part of the assessment. But one thing is, in Excel, Morgan and I well, actually, I started revamping the the program in back in twenty seventeen, and cut, it has been so much, you know, so so fast, time goes by is twenty twenty three. I was able to engage with Morgan in twenty nineteen. And it's been it's been a long journey. So we've literally have talked to thousands of individuals And there's there's been a lot. It feels like the gap analysis happened yesterday, but that was a a a long process that took us over a year. But it's very important in in terms of going in the right direction, especially when you're going in such a workforce. Exelining, we have twelve thousand employees there's about eight thousand deploys affected in effort loading. And, we have seventeen hundred of stations. We got, twenty five hundred distribution feeders. In this, distribution lines, we have about, two thousand. And we have enough, lines to to circle the world several times, in addition to that, power plants, we have, ninety power plants. So that's nine zero. And that includes call, for generational solar wind, and and many other types. We have gas too. And then we have two nuclear plants. And in the gas side, we have, sixteen transmission gas stations. So that's pretty pretty big. It took a lot of time to to do that gap analysis. For implementation, we created business unit standards. So in that case, I was responsible with Morgan. We created and our fashion engineering guide on our field manual for the company. Thinking about not only the engineering groups, but also the field groups. We revamped the the clothing and PPE program, for art protection. In that case, we run into audits approvals and then set up, vendors and and the shooters. Also, everything, from starting end to end and and put in, a company, page or portal that Morgan and I would maintain for the company, along with some similar individuals, of course, so they can, protect the employees from their close housing. They can do the evaluations and all the information. He's at the hand. Typically, you would like to to meet the road at twenty seven seconds or if somebody takes more than twenty seven seconds to find what they're looking for, they're very likely not to find it So in that case, we we've been up to this challenge, and we're constantly improving, you know, how how things are accessed. And in this case, we prefer when people access the information without needing to talk to an individual, meaning they're more more likely to find the right, out of the bat. That's that's been our our motto. We have provided training for over two thousand and two boys. That's for transmission employees that Morgan and I, we are directly involved with. We also have, supported or train some additional people in all their business units. Again, we're talking about eight thousand affected employees that they have been trained, over the the course of these years. And, of course, and finally, the gap analysis, it's good to have a section that explains how you can create a sustainability plan, meaning need to do reviews. Utilities are, a little bit slow because of their size. So it's good to know when and anticipated. Change the regulation is coming. So you can assemble the team and then have a a way to to go through that in case any SC changes or, also, Now, looking forward, we're gonna go into the system analysis part of the process. So at this part, at at this point, we have done and covered sixty percent of the programs, in summary in some slides. Now the system analysis, this is gonna be, a twenty percent of the program. That will be a lot of fun because it requires a lot of expertise. There's a section or stage in which people should do a data collection review. So in that case, it's check own and manage assets. For our company, that was the challenges feelings of of of all sizes in the company. Sorry. In the country, in the United States, it's about fifteen hundred electric utilities and about those four hundred, utilities have a a decent, size as the rest are, like, role utilities that I mean, they're they're not by only means, small companies, but let's say they they compare, into the the dozens or the hundreds of assets in in the case of the larger utilities, we were in the thousands of of deposits, and hundreds of thousands of pieces of equipment. Which that was the case of Excel. So that data collection took a while. One thing that is important is to determine the types of operating systems, and see what is available in the, registry of information if you have enough drawings and they're accurate and so on. Or if you need, field visits. For calculations and assumption, it's very good that prior to conducting our plus calculations with estimating incident ID, that the team of, engineers and professionals that they take into consideration whether a calculation is necessary or not sometimes, when this is a a very common error, people tend to jump right away, start to attempting to calculate certain scenarios, where, sometimes there are, better estimates available. The the calculation is, by no means, super accurate. And and we'll we'll get into that. Meaning, at the end, everything works, but if, if we take out simulations over and we use, actually pull it out or something like that. There's gonna be some deviations on the values of expected itinerary. Some of those are caused by how random, the arc matrix. The other one is some inaccuracies of, selecting the right box size or, you know, constants and so on. So calculations tend to be, the there's, a variation on those calculating depending on the error of the engineer or the software or the assumptions. We're thinking that a number of incident energy exposure may vary, plus minus twenty to plus minus fifty percent. And and we should be aware of that. Now, typically, you should conduct a review of available test calculated values with other users and service. In that case, I'll get into a couple of examples, but, the electric utilities, we have tested a lot of stuff to every. There is all our utilities that, such as, communism in Chicago and, PG and E in, in California, and there's some others, myself included within Excel, but we we share some of the data that we have tested in the laboratory, and that is something that OSHA receives as acceptable, estimate, for the cancellations, Again, if somebody has conducted laboratory test testing, that is actually a good thing to have. Sometimes you can use it in lieu of the calculations. Then you can refer also to equipment tables available in policy standards. So NASC has table fourteen dash one for low voltage equipment. And there's four ten dash four for minimum voltage equipment, Arkinovalt. Those are very useful. OSHA has also a ninety fifth sixty nine. Appendix e. There's a a couple of tables there with estimates that are are pretty good to use typically, there's a lot of stuff that is two forty volts on the load that, we should be able to use, table estimates instead of using, specialized over. Finally, if something doesn't fill in into those buckets, we can also, pull out our specialized software tool and do some some sort of calculation and an estimation. And and that's that's more or less the the the high level. Let's go to the next slide, Morgan. So one thing that is important is that the the arc is an evolving event. So they start with an art. They don't end with an art individuals move. There's also air gaps in the in the PPE between the worker. I work in ASTM, and we know that some of the tests that we develop under ASTM actually they they give, like, a worst case scenario for for some of the exposure on the mannequins, but, when people are moving, they usually have, like, air pockets and all that plays out. Sometimes you will see an event and you go, well, how how did this injury look smaller than what I was expecting? Sometimes it's because of all of this extra extra factors that they always play out in the field, very well. With the estimates that Morgan and I with testing laboratories, Canada, and in, Europe, in Spain. And it's very interesting when we talk to the lab technicians, and we try to meet a target, and it's always we know that there's a range. So meaning, even if you try to replicate an arc, it's really difficult to get, you know, an accurate, you know, value. That's why a lot of, the ASM standards and the IT standards were accessing, they they use some statistic, statistics on it. Now this Slide nine, it shows some of the art class calculations, and it says not all art class Internet must be calculated. These are the tables that I talked about in the National Electrical Safety Code. The one is for low voltage equipment. On the left, it has open air on our key nova. So in all of these scenarios, we do not recommend people to use software, in tools. This table is actually more accurate based on testing. So you see all those pay all those notes in the in the values. Those, actually, you have the National Electrical Safety Code. It will tell you which is the study that came up with the estimate. And so there's actually hundreds of tests perform to validate them. And if somebody uses, like, NSA seventy e, these these others would actually be way, way higher. So we we don't want to put people on, a bigger, size fifty, in that case. So these are really reasonable estimates. And on the right, this is, polished. That's new in twenty twenty three. That's equipment for medium voltage. So you can see some of the estimates for switchgear motor control center and some more devices. Finally, at the bottom of the slide, you will have access to this presentation later over the Easy Power webpage. Morgan and I will put some some papers in there. This is one that Morgan and I were presented at a conference, and it has all the most significant, articles in the references section. This contains a lot of free, you can find all all the information. You can also reach out to Morgan and me later via email or so on, and we we're happy to send people in the right direction. There's a lot of good stuff that is the promise that will help you with your calculations or help you, avoid, you know, doing the calculations. Moving on, we're gonna talk a little bit about, estimates. So this is really important. I'm just gonna do a sound check. We're gonna have a am I still with audio good? Correct. Okay. Thank you. I just wanna make sure that I'm not talking to, well. Thank you. So for our class calculations, we have two big groups. One is the alternating current systems or ATC, and then we have the direct current systems or DC. So going through the AC first, we have three scenarios. We have opener arch arch in a box and arch in a cable. Arch in a cable is something that hasn't been coined much yet on policy standards, but it's coming down the pipe. So we'll see some of that as a little advertisement. I'm chairing a group with a naturally, power and energy society that we're riding down, our trust cash for electric utilities. So that's something that all of this material will be eventually there. I actually invite people to to join the team. This is hosted, and It is sponsored by the ground in a lightning committee, which I'm the, check of, on the the substations committee. And, also, owner the overhead lines committee for the as well as the committee on electrical safety and maintenance and construction of the overhead lines. So those are the two sponsors. So for open air arts, typically, we see, based on the work metrics. So sometimes it doesn't It matters how the arc is happening physically speaking, but also, how the work method is applied. So for single phase, alignment. They usually put cover ups. So this is, insulating, rubber covers or plastic covers on the faces. Okay. You can see, arcs happening, single phase for solid, the grounded systems. In some substation, the power plant applications, we may see some, open air acts for, for example, we have, ungrounded, tertiary transformers that they do station service, or sometimes we have reactor bikes. So those will be double to ground for on ground the cases. And there's gotta be some some modifications in the assumptions. Typically, you can use, air gaps, OSHA, and the national electrical safety code has the right air some people use the actual air gap of the insulator, but the arcs don't happen at that, at that point. They have been way before So when somebody is placing grounds on the systems, you will see the the flashover happening, more at the breakdown of the air. So N ENC twenty twenty three road four ten. It has, published now the the differences on this, coincide with the businesses used by OSHA in the regulations. It's just that they were not published before. If you go to table four ten dash three, it's in the notes. As an example, sometimes you have an insulator of about ninety ninety inches in length. Let's say the the equivalent arch will be just a a few inches about eight or something like that. And and that's very important in the calculations to not overshoot. One thing that is important is to calculate the business worker to the arcs tend to extend in open air, and depending on the higher the voltage, the lower the arc, the the higher the arc reach, So that's something that, if you have a working business, you need to accommodate for how how far the artist extend. And then if it extends towards the workers, that means there's higher, higher energy. OSHA has some some, information in that nineteen ten, dot two sixty nine, appendix e Then for estimating incident energy, I use IE for that. We have the equivalent formula. So if you check, some of the latest publications from Marsha Airman, Tom Short. That's PG and E and Epri. There are equivalent formulas that can be used for opening it'll be ready to use software for that. So people like the comfort of using software tools, because of the reporting and the organization and so because you have models to it. So that that's perfectly fine, but you can also do some of those with, you know, with the use of a spreadsheet or or, some, and some other, calculation tools. For specialized software, of course, easy power is a really good shape of, of, calculation for our class, and it's very organized. And there's definitely, a good use in the electric utility industry. We use it in Excel power plants and some of the substation applications. And, it it gives a lot of, capabilities for engineers to put everything in there. Make sure that you communicate with the software developer in terms of what the real assumptions are. So you make sure that you are getting a reasonable assumption. For Art Pro, that is, another software that is used in the industry for, Open Air Arts. And, again, like, anything else that has carriers to use and some, let's say, benefits and protocols in in use. One of the the calls with actual is that it's, it's very, difficult for the reporting part So sometimes, it's easier to use on software tools that you can have all the equipment, but they communicate with all their, systems, that the utilities use for for keeping their equipment in, in a database. For estimates of incident energy, I'm still reading on the life side of this flight. We have the National Electric Health Safety Code. It has all those tables for ten dash one. Dash two. That's three. Those are for low voltage, gloving. So gloving will be like distribution work or substation work with gloves. It could be power plant work too. And then, the fourth industry that will be, like, barehand work. So that's where the guys were using the metallic suits and the extra high voltage networks. Or anyone that is using a hubstick and any voltage, forty six point one up to eight hundred three. And finally, there are also table that I've been talking to you guys often. Then on the right side for, ACSS, Arkinabox, that's where we see, more of the severe injuries. So it's good to have an idea of what to do. Typically, this covers applications that three face hold up to thirty five kiwi, you may be able to justify a simple face calculations, but you need to be a little bit creative on that and justify system protection and some of the division between phases. Typically, for most of the equipment, it will be a huge exposure. One of the issues that we have is fifteen ninety four has a cap at fifteen KV. There is an entry report that tells people that, we we can go up, with reasonable estimates, and use fifteen eighty four up to thirty five k means that we're gonna be put inside in the new entrepreneur, guys. For fifteen eighty four of twenty eleven, that's, aka fifteen eighty four two thousand and two, typically, people need to use on top of the result at three times, multiply to have a reasonable estimate. If it goes to fifteen eighty four of twenty eighteen, the complexity actually changed. And now you need to do more inspection on box sizes. There's more combinations. There's a VCV, and and so on. HTV and so on. There's five different categories of of, orientation of electrical that may create a little bit of human errors. So make sure that you know how to select those. I'll be giving you some webinars in the future in terms of, showing that. I mean, that actually got us too. For the twenty eighteen edition, people use a multiplier of one point five times to two times this is for some of the every studies. That's not stated in fifteen eighty four. So if you use fifteen eighty four and get results, you still need to have a multiplication factor according to that. And you can check some of our papers, the in the references sections, you will see the the right technical reports or, technical papers that that cover that. Again, NSE has some of that, in the on their the tables for ten, dash one, and dash four. And there's some more also some epic studies that are available for public use, such as the PMH switch equation and and similar. Arquina Cable arcs are boxes. Let's say, Colorado did really good. Work up in Chicago a few years ago. So typically, if you use, estimates of eighteen inches r cap, that is very, aligned to what we have seen in the laboratory, you can use specialized software. Also, there's, equivalent formulas that you can use If you follow fifteen eighty four, they're still telling you to use just the distance between the consent triggers, the conductor, and that's not the case. They actually actually shoot outwards. And, we we see arcs in between twelve to eighteen inches left. Let's go to the busy systems part. So for these systems, it's a similar case. For open airbags, we have examples such as open battery racks of, open air wiring. Estimate. There's some in the National Electrical Safety Code. There's the exception five that's, based on the level of fault current. That can gave you some leeway. Otherwise, we recommend people using the stores and open other method. The the the power method is not recommended those estimates are too high. It's still some open lander. It's an iterative method that is a little bit gives you a better estimate, and there are more aligned to what, some people see in the in the laboratory tests. And also, of course, you can use some specialized software. Just be careful what you use and make sure that you have a something that represents reality. Foreign fuse battery systems, you it it is recommended to use two seconds. The the the maximum time someone with the AAA, explains why there's a a reason, a mechanical reason, and there's also the exposure of the person reason. And then for fuse batteries, it's difficult to use fuse curves for Akena box, which we have busy final boards on switchboards. Again, the stores and open leather work really well with a three times multiplier where you can use the specialized software. And then for our gaps, here are some recommendations that we will be placing in police standards in the near future, including the ones that I'm sharing, for recommendations on some basis. Now I'll pass back to Morgan, for work methods. Thank you. So the next component of the r r slash program that we initially introduced on the first slide was work methods and how we communicated those were we developed an r flash field manual, which went over how to use the art class tables where we published the incident energies from all the calculations that Eduardo had just reviewed. We also put a table together on general work tasks and, their associated art slash hazards. So there's a lot of just different work tasks that the field had questions on, and they could refer to that matrix to determine if standard issue PPE was acceptable or if they would have to die an additional PPE for that work task. We also included a lot of information on the carries and maintenance of their air clothing. So just where to go for information on that clothing. One key thing to point out here though is the risk matrix or pyramid that we have on this screen. You'll notice that PPE is on the bottom as it is considered the last line of defense. So elimination, which one is when we're physically removing the hazards of the two in when we're replacing the hazard, our engineering controls, we're isolating people from the hazard, and then, administrative controls it's when we're changing the way people work. So although those are kind of top in the pyramid, we had a lot of time and energy spent on the PTE component. We require everyone that's, coming into a substation or near transmission lines who have a certain level of personal protective equipment. So a lot of our time was spent securing the PPE verifying its quality verifying we could get it. So we set up this program in two thousand and nineteen, which shortly after came the pandemic in twenty twenty and supply chain issues. And so we really had to be when we talked about the sustainability plan, We had to have alternates. We had to add different PDE, but it we need to make it available to the field. We also made catalogs for our employees so they would be ease so they could easily access the information, know how to order it, You know, we had a program in place initially where they could try on the PPE just to make sure that what we were telling them they needed to wear was as comfortable as possible. I'm not saying that a hundred count arc suit comfortable by any means. But, you know, with the with working through some of the different vendors I'm really trying to get our guys the most optimal PPE that we could so they would wear it was a huge part of our program. So, Brenda, can you talk a little bit about some of the PPE testing that we did and kind of how that translated to deciding what we were gonna offer the field. Sure. Thank you, Morgan. So if you tested this important, as part of our program in Excel, one thing that we wanted to make sure is that the provided that we were getting more confident in our estimates that the PPE was gonna be matching that. Typically, people are instructed to do the calculations and say, well, I got eight point five calories. I need to get eight point five fifty, and and does not have that work. So when you get an estimate, you need to con consider that the estimates they have a plus minus. And then when you're getting the PPE, the PPE actually has variability. One thing that I wanted to point out people to the two papers below. There's a good paper from Hoglund, Maurice, Ellen, and Phillips on matching the upgrade to fifty people that hasn't how does it work? And they explain really well that even when things are off, as long as you're using the hardware system, and and flame resistant PPE. That's, the road to, cure all injury. However, it's always good to have good estimates and and good PPE selection, of course, the art gaps and air pockets between skin, PPE help. Also, the movement of the person after the art there's an arc happening. There there is a very small low chance that the deploy is gonna, stay there. People's reactions is usually to move away from the arc. And there's some benefits, to to doing that. So in that case, we will expect the ability for both And then there's another paper that I wrote with a big shields, Morris and Hoglund, and it's called arc rating variability, And we actually did, hundreds of pairs of fabrics, control fabrics just to see how much they vary. And then we we define, some percentage of variation depending on the predict the variation to be anything between five to twenty percent. So that affects the of, of that. Of course, that changes. If it's multi layer and so on, right now, we're we're conducting a multilayer study that we will have some some upcoming papers. Now let's blow up a Globemorgan we have a video that we, brought to you. We have the own fan globe, which is one of our partners, donate a nine test. This is a, twenty nine calorie glove. It's a protector glove. I'm gonna go ahead and Morgan will show us, and then I'll I'll describe what this is about. And more than the the video played really well on my end. So, I could see everything the the way it was intended. K. Okay. So what we have here, maybe we can pause it so it it ends up, there. Yep. So that's, this is a fifty calorie arch. So in the middle, you see there's two electrodes. There there was a trip wire at the beginning. The test is conducted in the this is in the laboratory in, like, electric in Canada. And we're doing a test for test for ignition. So even we know that these gloves are too many nine calories for ATTV, these gloves, this is a design that we have done that is, it's a hybrid has led or an outlet. We were intending to see if there was any any nation. As you guys could see, there was no no flames or nothing melting or dripping. And and this is what is considered a a good pass. With the our program, we did this, from the point of view of developing products with our partners. And also we did this to make sure that we could pick and choose some some PPE and see if it performed. Seriously enough, we did find, some other products that didn't fit, or meet the the the standards. And I would tell you that my statistics have been from every, set of prepaid that I evaluate, there's a one third that they don't pass the the standard that they claim. Third, they have some trouble passing it. That if you help them, they will pass, meaning that you need to have a discussion with the manufacturer to amend some of the things. And only one third is is passing this line color right now. So it's very important for you to have some some sort of verification. This one is done at fifty calories because you wanna do an overexposure. That's part of the ASTM f twenty six seventy five test method for hand protection. Let's go to the final slide. I'll pass on to Morgan, for the close, closing of this, right now. Sure. So I think we went over all of these items as we've talked today, but just some lessons we've learned regarding setting up the electoral safety program is first and foremost getting the support from management. As I said, this program set up, does take a lot of time and ultimately money. And so you need to have the support from upper management So when you need those resources, you have someone that can, put forth those requests. Also, understanding that, we talked about the our slash portion today in as a component of an electrical safety program. And it touches a lot of other areas your temporary grounding, your lockout tagout, your minimum approach distance. And so in the back of your mind, be thinking about that if you are tasked with I flash is that it's going to touch all of these other areas, and there's going to be changes that affect those other areas as well. And then there was a ton of coordination among multiple groups. The the main focus that this is affecting, obviously, is your field workers, but your engineers have a lot of participation in this process, as well as other business units. So there was as I mentioned, her transmission was our primary focus, but in a lot of cases. We have our transmission guys working alongside our distribution guys or our nuclear guys. And so it's important that they have work procedures and work processes that are aligned, so as not to create contention when they're out in the field doing the work. And sustainability. And so I think we learn this along the way is, you need people to be able to sustain this program when it comes to the calculations, how often you're going to update them. Initially, we asked all of you what your risk assessment procedures look like. And I was happy to see that most of you have a decent procedure in place. But, again, this one is one that needs to be sustained, it needs to be updated, and then training just is throughout, whether it's arc flash or Lotto or temporary grounding, all of that needs to be in your sustainability plan. The other suggestion is to be proactive regarding the regulatory changes. So Advardo mentioned a lot of the working groups that he's in. I think that just gives us foresight into what may be coming and allows us to be prepared. So we don't we're not behind the eight ball when these changes are published in OSHA or some other federal regulations. And then the communication and follow-up piece was our biggest lesson learned. We needed to have regular town halls with our folks. We have an email inbox, that goes to a certain distribution lift lists to have employee questions answered. And then we have an FAQ where we're continuously updating as, you know, we get the same ten questions. We know that we didn't address that, but we update our FAQ on a regular basis to make sure that our employees know where to get information, and have a resource to find it. So with that, I am going to open it up to questions. Thank you, Morgan, and Eduardo. That was excellent. And right now, I As we wait for the audience to respond, I have a question that I'd be curious to know Eduardo's response. Is there any level of arc instant energy that you label, danger. Yeah. It's a really good question, Jim. So at the moment, so I I actually chair the SDM task group for art class suits. So believe it or not, there's no art class suits standard currently in the industry, so I'm I'm writing the first one under a PSTN. Mhmm. So there've been some discussions. I I had some discussions with you, Hoglund, Dean Phyllis, and some of the big names for Shail and in, in the industry. Historically, it has been said that there is a high pressure on arts that there is, some some discussion about forty calvin, the calf. I can tell you that based on the deal, the most research, we can move the bar up. Also, the protection has gotten very, very well. Today, we can meet, forty calories with a single layer. Our suit. So that's one thing that I see developed under my committee. And, I would say that we can possibly say that you can perform safely activities, you know, up to forty with a couple of, provisions, you can go up to seventy five calories over seventy five, then you wanna have some some considerations, on on certain things. The ARKES tool, Paulton, And, at that moment, it's good to have the definitely, like, hearing protection, recommended, over forty cal. After seventy five mandated. And, we are currently looking under the standard mainly for the next review to add holistic protection for it or anything, over, over forty cal. So we we're we're developing some of the the the generations of art class suits. The standard I have it up to a hundred calories, in detail, we convert work up to a hundred calories. We're trying to keep up to forty, on a daily basis. And then with some exceptions up to a hundred, based on that we really, really did it. Meaning, somebody has to come to our manager. Just we just need to make sure that the controls are in place. Over a hundred calories is possible. It has to be really well taken into consideration a lot of aspects. I kinda tell you that we had discussion in ASTN to make the the protection eventually up to two hundred calories. The fifteen can be made up to that. We just need to see how how to make some fix some caveats with the laboratory and, in terms of of getting that. So the the protection is is not an issue. I would say mostly, like, is the culture revolving the hazards and having controls. That definitely up to seventy five per seventy five calories doable over seventy five special provisions in place. I hope that answers your question. You did a good job. Yes. So we got a couple of questions that, are coming in. Thank you. One of the questions, is this a full time effort for anyone that manages a program? Absolutely. The team that is doing this, so I at some point, I was doing ninety five percent of my time was, was hard play. Right now, I I have people at Morgan and, actually, I have two project managers that work with their meetings in Excel for that. So I've been moving from ninety five to fifty percent now. But let's say, yeah, you need a you need a an entire army of people to to seek and review on a regular basis, and maybe that's one thing in the utilities. We have physical engineering department. We have, grounding department. Maybe if this explains a little bit better, just think about our first name as you do about grounding. I'm actually the the chair of a, terrorism or grounding in actively, running and lighting, and and I host now our class under it. So we're trying to change the culture. So all the engineering departments, they they we can't have now people that are hundred percent specialized in our clause on on on work doing work on our most regular basis. Another question. I hope I answered the question. Yes. So we got a couple couple real quick ones here. Is any of your testing that you chair for a result in AT PV? Can you repeat that question? Is any of Eduardo's testing that results in of reports that you chair for eight, the result in AT PV. I'm not sure I understand. I'll I'll take on that. The question can be interpreted in different ways. So so one is that we have the the break open results, and then we have the APTV in a technical way, when you're testing PPE, all PPE has, let's say, an EBT and some, EBT is the break open, energy. So I was wondering, first example, Now the ATV is something that you may encounter in between the the the protection of the PPA, up to the EBT. When you have a certain target of energy, you try to meet your ATPs. Sometimes you cannot find, and then the the the the sample will burst open, but the that's when you get the EBT. There's been a lot of misconceptions out in the industry. We've been trying in ASTM to change that and make a clarification. We also have something called ARLIM, which is new. So it's actually three eight three arc rating, we're trying to explain to people is go go by the act rating concept, and then there's a technicality on whether it's ATPD or or or ADT The AT and T is not, achieve all the time on on on, one fifty. I hope I answered the question. If I didn't, then, here's my email, and we we can continue that, responding a little bit better on that. I need a little bit more context, let's say. One last question. You mentioned, plus or minus twenty to fifty percent margin on calculations from fifteen eighty four methodology compared to lab test instant energy. Do you include that margin in your calculated results? Yes. So I wrote an engineering guide for Xfinity as part of the new I triple e guys that we're writing. We're gonna have some consensus of what not only, excel does, but, you know, all the audio abilities, laboratory researches, users. So, typically, If you see people that have tested, it's usually like a cloud of points, you know, and and in that cloud, you may see some So, let's say you try to draw the line where you get the most points of the cloud results, I would say if you're not using multipliers, absolute you're gonna be in the lower, minus twenty and minus fifty percent. You you you need those multipliers. Got it. Excellent. And we apply them. I I'm applying them for for, yeah, for acting the boss. Eduardo, and Morgan, thank you very much for on presentation, we look forward to running into you down the road. So long. Thanks, Jim. Bye bye. Thank you, James. We appreciate the invitation from EZ Power. Stay tuned. Mo and I were very active in the industry. I I had from is, David, the future, we can do some some more, webinars for you guys. And and it's nothing we can meet him. I truly I'm in the need of more more members in the fully guide. So if you have some interest, please, reach out to me. And I appreciate it. Have a good rest of your day. Thank you.